COMP 304B Object-Oriented Software Design - Assignment 4
Specification of Digital Watch Behaviour using Statecharts

Practical information

• Due date: Saturday 8 March 2008 before 23:55.
• Team size == 2 (pair development) !
• Each team submits only one full solution. Use the index.html template provided on the assignments page. Use exactly this format to specify names and IDs of the team members. The other team member must submit a single index.html file containing only the coordinates of both team members. This will allow us to put in grades for both team members in WebCT. Beware: after the submission deadline there is no way of adding the other team member's index.html file and thus no way of entering a grade !
• Your submission must be in the form of a simple HTML file (index.html) with explicit references to all submitted files as well as inline inclusion of images. See the general assignments page for an index.html template.
• The submission medium is WebCT.
• To get insight into the assignment workload, provide the number of hours you spent on this assignment.

Goals

This assignment will make you familiar with Statechart modelling, simulation and code synthesis.

Problem statement

In this assignment, you will design a Statechart model specifying the reactive behaviour of a Digital Watch (inspired by the 1981 Texas Instruments LCD Alarm Chronograph).

You will first model the reactive behaviour of the watch in the DCharts formalism (a variant of Statecharts) in the tool AToM³. The Statechart simulator SVM (as a plugin of AToM³) will allow you to check, by means of simulation, whether your model behaves according to the requirements. Note that it is good practice to start modelling and simulating small parts of the desired behaviour in isolation. These can be saved and later loaded to build the full solution Statechart.

The model (saved as DigitalWatchStatechart_DCharts_MDL.py) and its visual representation must both be included in your index.html solution page. The visual representation is obtained by printing the model to file in Postscript format from AToM³ as DigitalWatchStatechart_DCharts_MDL.eps and subsequently converting it to a bitmap (e.g., DigitalWatchStatechart_DCharts_MDL.gif). Alternately, you can print the model to file in SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) format as DigitalWatchStatechart_DCharts_MDL.svg and include it as such in your solution (as browsers such as Firefox now support SVG).

When you are satisfied with the simulated behaviour, you are ready to build a Digital Watch software application. The application's reactive behaviour will be generated from the Statechart.

The software application (DigitalWatch.py) is composed of a static component, a controller and a dynamic component.

The static component (DigitalWatchGUI.py) implements the visual aspects of the watch such as buttons, the display and the Indiglo light and organizes them into a graphical user interface (built using Tkinter, the standard Python interface to the Tk GUI toolkit).

The dynamic component (DigitalWatchStatechart.py) will be automatically generated from your Statecharts model.

The communication between the static and the dynamic components is handled by the controller (found in DigitalWatchGUI.py). User events such as button press/release are passed from the GUI to the Statechart (as strings) by the controller. Conversely, the Statechart modifies the (visual) state of the GUI by invoking the controller's methods.

Note that the Statechart receives a reference to the controller object as a parameter of the start event when, at application startup time, it goes from its initial state Setup to the state Running.

Behaviour requirements

1. (10%) The time value should be updated every second, even when it is not displayed (as for example, when the chrono is running). However, time is not updated when it is being edited.
2. (10%) Pressing the top right button turns on the Indiglo light. The light stays on for as long as the button remains pressed. From the moment the button is released, the light stays on for 2 more seconds, after which it is turned off.
3. (10%) Pressing the top left button alternates between the chrono and the time display modes. The system starts in the time display mode. In this mode, the time (HH:MM:SS) and date (MM/DD/YY) are displayed.
4. (20%) When in chrono display mode, the elapsed time is displayed MM:SS:FF (with FF hundreths of a second). Initially, the chrono starts at 00:00:00. The bottom right button is used to start the chrono. The running chrono updates in 1/100 second increments. Subsequently pressing the bottom right button will pause/resume the chrono. Pressing the bottom left button resets the chrono to 00:00:00. The chrono will keep running (when in running mode) or keep its value (when in paused mode), even when the watch is in a different display mode (for example, when the time is displayed).
   Note: interactive simulation (in AToM³) of a model containing time increments of 1/100 second is possible, but it is difficult to manually insert other events. Hence, while you are simulating your model, it is advisable to use larger increments (such as 1/4 second) for simulation purposes.
5. (10%) When in time display mode, the watch will go into time editing mode when the bottom right button is held pressed for at least 1.5 seconds.
6. (20%) When in time display mode, the alarm can be displayed and toggled between on or off by pressing the bottom left button. If the bottom left button is held for 1.5 seconds or more, the watch goes into alarm editing mode. This is not an example of good User Interface design, as going to editing mode will also toggle on/off and that may not be desired. It is however how the 1981 Texas Instruments LCD Alarm Chronograph works. The first time alarm editing mode is entered, the alarm time is set to 12:00:00. The alarm is activated when the alarm time is equal to the time in display mode. When it is activated, the screen will blink for 4 seconds, then the alarm turns off. Blinking means switching to/from highlighted background (Indiglo) twice per second. The alarm can be turned-off before the elapsed 4 seconds by a user interrupt (i.e.: if any button is pressed). After the alarm is turned off, activity continues exactly where it was left-off. Note that after the alarm finishes (flashing ends), the alarm is un-set (so it will not go off the next day at the same time).
7. (20%) When in (either time or alarm) editing mode, briefly pressing the bottom left button will increase the current selection. Note that it is only possible to increase the current selection, there is no way to decrease or reset the current selection. If the bottom left button is held down, the current selection is incremented automatically every 0.3 seconds. Editing mode should be exited if no editing event occurs for 5 seconds. Holding the bottom right button down for 2 seconds will also exit the editing mode. Pressing the bottom right button for less than 2 seconds will move to the next selection (for example, from editing hours to editing minutes).

To help clarify the requirements, the following execOnly.zip contains a working solution (without the alarm activation). The Statechart model is only present in compiled version however.

Interface provided by the controller

getTime()
  Returns the current clock time.

getAlarm()
  Returns the alarm time set. 

checkTime()
  Checks if the alarm time set is equal to the current
  clock time. If so, it will broadcast the "alarmStart" event  
  to the statechart and return true.  Otherwise, it returns false.
  Note that checkTime() does not care/check whether the alarm
  has been set "on". 

refreshTimeDisplay()

  Redraw the time with the current internal time value.
  The display does not need to be cleaned before calling
  this function. For instance, if the alarm is currently
  displayed, it will be deleted before drawing the time.
      
refreshChronoDisplay

  See refreshTimeDisplay()
  
refreshDateDisplay()

  See refreshTimeDisplay()
  
refreshAlarmDisplay()

  See refreshTimeDisplay()  
    
resetChrono()

  Resets the internal chrono to 00:00:00.
          
startSelection()

  Selects the leftmost digit group currently displayed on the screen.
    
increaseSelection()
  
  Increases the currently selected digit group's value by one.
  
selectNext()
  
  Select the next digit group, looping back to the leftmost digit group when
  the rightmost digit group is currently selected. If the time is currently 
  displayed on the screen, select also the date digits. If the alarm
  is displayed on the screen, don't select the date digits. (to simplify the
  statechart).
  
stopSelection()
                    
increaseTimeByOne()

  Increase the time by one second. Note how minutes, hours, 
  days, month and year will be modified appropriately, if needed
  (for example, when increaseTimeByOne() is called at time
   11:59:59, the new time will be 12:00:00).
    
increaseChronoByOne()

  Increase the chrono by 1/100 second.
    
setIndiglo()

  Turn on the display background light
    
unsetIndiglo()

  Turn off the display background light
    
setAlarm()

  Flag the alarm to be on or off.
  
  
Events sent to the Statechart (as strings):

(due to button press)

- topRightPressed
- topRightReleased
- topLeftPressed
- topLeftReleased
- bottomRightPressed
- bottomRightReleased
- bottomLeftPressed
- bottomLeftReleased

(generated by checkTime() if current time == alarm time)

- alarmStart

Starting point

The archive wristwatch.zip contains a very simple example to get you started. This starting point Statechart is reproduced here

• DigitalWatch.py: the main wristwatch application. Do not modify ! Start it with python DigitalWatch.py.
• DigitalWatchGUI.py: the "static" part of the application. It contains the specification of both the GUI and the controller. Do not modify !
• watch.gif, watch.jpg, noteSmall.gif: images needed by DigitalWatchGUI.py.
• DigitalWatchStatechart_DCharts_MDL.py: the visual DCharts model describing a very simple behaviour. This model can be opened in AToM³. To allow simulation, some of the actions are written in DUMP() outputs. Press the simulate in SVM to simulate.
• DigitalWatchStatechart_DCharts_MDL.eps: what the model looks like (DigitalWatchStatechart_DCharts_MDL.svg if you printed in SVG format).
• DigitalWatchStatechart_DCharts_MDL.des: file generated by pressing the generate .des button. The .des file contains all information in the DigitalWatchStatechart_DCharts_MDL.py model (but not the visual info).
• DigitalWatchStatechart.des: a copy of DigitalWatchStatechart_DCharts_MDL.des, but with the final state labelled with [FS] and the DUMP() outputs replaced by the actual callback.
• compile.sh: a script which calls scc -lpython --ext to generate Python code implementing the DigitalWatchStatechart.des behaviour specification.
• DigitalWatchStatechart.py: the result of compiling DigitalWatchStatechart.des with scc -lpython --ext.
• assignment.html: this document.

The Models/DCharts/ folder in the central AToM³ installation contains some small examples demonstrating various features of Statecharts. The Models/DCharts/TrafficLight/ folder contains the small traffic light example.

Practical information

It is good practice to model/simulate different parts of the overall solution in isolation (bottom-up design). You can save them in different files and later load them into a combined model.

The scc Statechart compiler tries to produce speed-optimized code. This, at the expense of memory used. When you use too many orthogonal components this will lead to synthesized code which cannot be compiled/run. Hint: for the assignment, a "natural" solution will require 6 orthogonal components.

AToM³ is installed on the Trottier lab machines and can be started with /usr/local/pkgs/atom3/atom3.sh or its alias atom3.
You will find some example models in the central Models DCharts directory (Models/DCharts/). This is a good place to find examples of the [AFTER()], [EVENT()], etc. macros.
The svm simulator is installed in the External/ directory of the AToM³ central installation. It is available as a plugin from AToM³. The scc StateChart Compiler can be found in svm's installation directory and can be started with /usr/local/pkgs/atom3/External/svm-0.3beta3-src/scc. The script compile.sh calls scc with the appropriate arguments.

There is extensive documentation on SVM and SCC. This is for example where you will find detailed information on macros (including on how to write your own). For those interested in more in-depth information on SVM and SCC, have a look at Thomas Feng's M.Sc. thesis.

It is possible to install AToM³ and SVM/SCC on your own computer. They should run on (variants of) Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X (as long as Python/Tkinter is installed). Note that due to recent problems with Tkinter, there may be problems on Mac OS X. You need to download the latest version of AToM³ from http://atom3.cs.mcgill.ca/. You will need to download the External Utility Pack found on the same site. It contains SVM/SCC. It is best installed in the External/ directory of your central AToM³ installation.