Boolean function is_direct_instance(a: Element, b: Element, c: Element) Boolean function is_nominal_instance(a: Element, b: Element, c: Element) Boolean function is_structural_subtype(a: Element, b: Element) Element function conformance_scd(a: Element) Element function set_model_constraints(a: Element, b: Element) Element function generate_bottom_type_mapping(a: Element)